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Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Creativity por Lawrence Lessig
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Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Creativity

por Lawrence Lessig

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Copyright law! That's right, folks, I read a book about copyright law. And a fascinating book, at that. Lessig takes us through the ins and outs of these ever-changing rules, sprinkled liberally with relevant examples. Should students be sued for their life savings for sharing music files? Should copyright automatically be renewed, even if the original holder is disinterested or even dead? Are fanart and fanfic actually a threat to creators of the content on which they are based? How does the internet change the way content is shared, and how should copyright law to reflect this? Lessig goes through this all in great detail. It's an important book for most netizens, particularly those members of fandom.As one might expect giving the subject matter, this entire text of this book is available for free download, as well as how I experienced it: a free audiobook podcast. ( )
  melydia | Oct 28, 2009 |
The well-articulated case for a cultural commons which turned me on to the CC movement. ( )
  l33tpolicywonk | Apr 15, 2009 |
We staan aan de vooravond van een digitale samenleving waarin cultuur een nieuwe betekenis krijgt. Online en on-demand radio- en televisiezenders poppen als paddestoelen uit de grond, multimediale projecten integreren oud en nieuw en met een druk op de knop worden liedjes, boeken en films gekopieerd en verspreid. Deze geheel nieuwe situatie vraagt om nieuwe wetgeving. Lawrence Lessig (hoogleraar Informatie Recht aan Stanford University) laat zien dat de huidige wetgeving volstrekt niet voldoet. Daarnaast houden de belanghebbenden van de oude situatie, de platenmaatschappijen, de grote content bedrijven als Disney en de toezichthouders als de RIAA angstvallig de deur op slot.

Free Culture is Lessig’s derde boek. In zijn eerste boek, Code and other Laws of Cyberspace (1999), toont hij een somber toekomstbeeld waarin het internet gereguleerd wordt door grote bedrijven. Dit beeld wordt verder kracht bijgezet in zijn tweede boek, The Future of Ideas: The Fate of the Commons in a Connected World (2001), waarin hij uit de doeken doet hoe verouderde copyright-, patent- en softwarewetgeving innovatie beperkt en de vrijheid op het web inperkt (zie ook onze recensie in de KL-boekenclub). In het laatste boek, Free Culture, brengt Lessig beide eerdere boeken samen en laat hij zien hoe de vrije cultuur in gevaar is en in het nauw komt door de copyright wetgeving uit de vorige eeuw.

Het idee voor de titel en veel van het intelluctuele bagage is afgeleid van Richard Stallman, die met essays zoals Free Software, Free Society, de basis zette voor de theoretische inzichten die in het boek naar voren komen. Free culture staat niet voor free als in 'free beer' maar free in de vorm van 'free speech, free markets enz”. Een vrije cultuur ondersteunt en beschermd de makers en de innovators. Het tegenovergestelde van een vrije cultuur is een cultuur waar overal toestemming voor gevraagd moet worden van diegenen die het voor het zeggen hebben, of de scheppers uit het verleden.

Free Culture bestaat eigenlijk uit twee delen. Het eerste, langere deel is een bespiegeling over het krimpen van het publieke domein doorregen met voorbeelden over hoe creatieve content in de digitale samenleving gereguleerd zou moeten worden. Lessig overdonderd de lezer met voorbeelden. Hij begint waar de gebroeder Wright in 1903 de grond verlaten om uiteindelijk weer te landen in 2004. Hij laat ons de waanzin zien van de Amerikaanse (copyright)wetgeving waarin je een boete krijgt van 1000 dollar als je een cd uit een winkel steelt maar boetes tot 150.000 dollar onder ogen moet zien als je één liedje download zonder toestemming (zoals enkele tieners in de VS overkwam).’ Hij laat zien hoe de contentbedrijven midden vorige eeuw zich continu schuldig maakten aan het gebruiken van andermans werk. Zo gebruikte Disney de verhalen van de Gebroeders Grimm om films over Assepoester te maken. De ware strijd gaat niet tussen bezit en piraterij zoals de platenmaatschappijen en contentbedrijven ons graag doen voordoen, maar over controle. Het laatste deel is gewijd aan de zaak Eldred vs Ashcroft. Lessig verloor deze zaak vorig jaar waarin het Amerikaanse Hooggerechtshof besloot het copyright op te rekken tot 70 jaar na de dood van de maker. Dit betekent dat de groei van het publieke domein bijna tot stilstand wordt gebracht.

Het is weer geen vrolijk beeld wat door Lessig wordt geschetst. Zijn boek is daarentegen erg goed leesbaar. Lessig schrijft overtuigend en boeiend, en trekt de vaak ingewikkelde copyrightwetgeving uit het duister en maakt het begrijpelijk. Lessig laat zien dat we alert moeten blijven om onze vrije cultuur niet uit handen moeten geven. Een van de concrete acties die we kunnen ondernemen is het huidige auteursrecht op een nieuwe vorm invulling te geven. Zo roept Lessig het Amerikaanse Congress op om de basis van de copyrightwetgeving te herzien zodat alleen de echte piraten erdoor gestraft worden. Daarnaast is Lessig voorzitter van de Creative Commons, een organisatie die een nieuwe vorm van auteursrecht heeft opgesteld en waarmee makers makkelijk hun werk kunnen delen. De vertaling van de Creative Commons licentie (zie eerder deze nieuwsbrief) maken dit nu ook in Nederland mogelijk. Free Culture is een absolute aanrader voor iedereen die met innovatie, creativiteit en kenniseconomie bezig is.
  geertwissink | Jan 23, 2009 |
This book is an important one for anyone and everyone to read. Copyright laws greatly affect our culture, and as they stand now, aim to have a negative one. Lessig makes a powerful point that copyright is good, but in its very limited environment. The extensions to copyrighted content are much more harmful than than good. People need to wake up to the reality and scope of this problem, and fight against copyright's escalating bounds before it is too late. ( )
  tyroeternal | Sep 24, 2008 |
This is a book that deserves to be compared with Milton's Areopagatica. Like Milton 350 years earlier, Lessig makes an emotional and passionate, yet calm and well reasoned argument against the system that aims to limit creative freedom. A very important read. ( )
  nuwanda | Sep 10, 2008 |
I read the first section of this book, "Piracy", for one of my foundation courses at the University of Michigan's School of Information. Later, I read the rest of the book on my own while taking a class on intellectual property and information law and found that it complemented the coursework very nicely.

Since the relatively straightforward first copyright act in implemented in 1790, United States copyright law has become increasingly complicated and makes fair use exceedingly more difficult. Constitutionally speaking, copyright was created for the public good; congress was granted the power--

"To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive rights to their respective writings and discoveries."

But more recently, it seems that the "Big Media" is using its powerful lobby to lock down intellectual property. Lawrence Lessig argues that the United States was once based on a "free culture" (free as in free speech, not free beer) in which the rights of creators are in balance with the needs of society. But that balance has been thrown out of whack. Free Culture is written to oppose the extremism at both ends of the copyright spectrum--those who want to get rid of copyright entirely and those who want to extend its reach even further.

Lessig, a professor at Stanford Law School, is anything but anti-copyright. Rather, he argues that the current system has gotten out of hand and needs to be reevaluated. He encourages a return to the balance between the rights and privileges of creators and the rights and privileges of those who would use their work. However, he doesn't just object to the current state of affairs; he offers concrete ideas and plausible solutions to the mess that is U. S. copyright law.

The book provides a fantastic overview of copyright in the United States, past and present; especially as it applies to the Internet and related technologies. Lessig's style is both approachable and understandable, even for readers unfamiliar with the subject. Some of his visual aides were a bit confusing, and therefore not very useful, while others got his point across clearly. Overall, I would highly recommend this to anyone who has even the slightest interest in intellectual property. Actually, I would probably recommend this book even to those who don't because it's such an important subject that will only become more so as the law struggles to keep up with technology.

Free Culture is available for free here on Lawrence Lessig's website, Free Culture.

Experiments in Reading ( )
  PhoenixTerran | Dec 21, 2007 |
The design of the book jacket on this would sadly be lost in most academic libraries since the jacket would likely be discarded. It's black and white strips with a kind of disappearing optical illusion or shadow of the copyright symbol. And copyright and intellectual property rights are indeed what this is about but not as a handbook of detail. Rather it's a history explaining how we got to where we are and where we are headed if we continue to let the bottom line interests of big corporations trump the need to share knowledge. It really does a good job of showing how the "now" of ubiquitous computing is different from the "then" of text on paper. Good summer reading. ( )
  slissummerreading | Jun 22, 2007 |
Cuts through all the crap and propoganda surrounding extreme copyright protectionist views and sets out clearly the debate that should be had. Legal, but easy to read and it highlights clearly the shift away from a balance between copyright protection and the ability to use and innovate. ( )
  notmyrealname | Mar 27, 2007 |
this is a classic, or will be, exploration of electronically mediated content creation ( )
  humdog | Feb 19, 2007 |
Given the physical energy it takes to raise young children and the mental energy I expend at my job, it's hard for me to stay up late (read: past 9:00) reading any more, particularly non-fiction. I made an exception last night to finish Larry Lessig's Free Culture.

This is an incredible book, a compelling, well-crafted argument against the current system of copyright that often reads like a novel. Lessig makes several good points in the course of the book, and I'm not going to try to do justice to them all, so I highly recommend you read the book yourself. The central point is that the US copyright system was enacted in the Constitution as a means of promoting creative culture, and that for a number of reasons (mainly its expansion by Congress far beyond its original intent) the current system is instead stifling creativity. Furthermore, because the changes brought about by the Internet have so thoroughly upset the ideas copyright is based on (on the Internet, Lessig points out, every usage makes a copy), the current application of copyright has created a drastic and harmful imbalance between regulated and unregulated uses of a work.

Lessig (an constitutional law professor at Stanford Law School who's written extensively on intellectual property) argued a case in the Supreme Court (Eldred v Ashcroft) in 2003 in which he claimed that Congress's repeated extension of copyright terms already granted was tantamount to an unlimited copyright terms. What he didn't argue in the case (which, he believes, is the reason it failed) was the incredible damage that indefinite copyright terms cause to our creative culture. Those effects are laid out quite persuasively in this book.

As I said, I highly recommend Free Culture. If you're interested, you can read the whole thing online via WikiSource. Or, if you're not so much into the eye-strain thing, you could just check it out from the library like I did.
  bmcdonald | May 17, 2006 |
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