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The Death of Ivan Ilyich por Leo Tolstoy
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The Death of Ivan Ilych

por Leo Tolstoy

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Waking Lion Press (2006), Paperback, 86 pages

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I was fascinated by the timelessness of this story about a superficial man whose "life flowed pleasantly" until he was struck down by a terminal illness. I kept thinking...isn't this how many people live today? We are absorbed in keeping up appearances and advancing our careers while our very souls wither away.

Tolstoy brilliantly portrays the anatomy of an illness through which Ivan tortuously ricochets. While he experiences denial, obsession, withdrawal, anger, self-pity, and all the conflicting stages of a serious disease, his family and friends consider the "invisible It" as an intrusion on their well-ordered lives. Although his spiritual anguish is finally relieved in a deathbed revelation, maybe Tolstoy's readers can learn the lesson of examining our lives and making changes before we reach the ultimate finality of death. ( )
  Donna828 | Nov 13, 2009 |
Strano romanzo che disquisisce sulla caducità della vita attraverso la storia del protagonista. Esemplare la visione del malato verso i parenti vicini, i medici e il genere umano in generale. ( )
  permario | Nov 11, 2009 |
A man dies slowly and in great agony. He ponders the meaning of life, and this increases his anguish: even worse than the physical pain of a slow, lingering death is the spiritual anguish of realising he has wasted his life.

Tolstoy's main target here is dishonesty and hypocrisy. This is established from the opening scene, when Ivan Ilyich's death is announced, and the reaction of his colleagues is to think about how this will affect their promotion chances, while speaking the usual lines about it being a "sad business" and so on. Even his widow, Praskovya Fiodorovna, is more concerned about herself than her dead husband: after telling a mourner about his three days and nights of incessant screaming, she says "Oh, what I have gone through!" Then she tries to find out how she can increase the government pension money due to her from her husband's death.

Then Tolstoy takes us on a quick tour back through Ivan Ilyich's life, showing us that he also participated fully in this dishonesty, concerning himself with appearances and advancement. In every decision, even marriage, he is heavily influenced by what other people will think. With each promotion in his career as a judge, he attains more power and money, but it's never enough. At each stage he simply spends more money imitating people higher in the social scale than he is, and wanting to attain that next level. It's not coincidental that he sustains his fatal injury while climbing a ladder to show a workman exactly how he wants a new curtain to be hung. The novel is saturated with vanity, pettiness and materialism, and they cause Ivan Ilyich's spiritual and physical death.

Long before Kubler-Ross, Tolstoy hit on the stages of grief in the character Ivan Ilyich. He goes through denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance, although not always in that order. He often swings violently between the different emotions, depending on his own state of mind and on outside events like a doctor getting his hopes up.

The only examples of honesty in the book are in children (both Ivan Ilyich's own childhood and his young son Vassya) and in the character of Gerassim, the butler's assistant. Vassya and Gerassim don't lie to him or see him as an inconvenience - they display simple human affection and love for him.

Indeed, love seems to be what Tolstoy is saying life is all about - not romantic love necessarily, but a broader kind of love for your fellow human beings and for God. This is what was missing from Ivan Ilyich's life as he immersed himself in petty advancement and the acquisition of meaningless accoutrements. This deathbed revelation at first causes him great agony as he rages against all the lost time, but in the end it's what allows him to find peace. ( )
  AndrewBlackman | Oct 25, 2009 |
Com a estrutura perfeita da novela, Tolstoi critica severamente a vida vivida com base nos valores sociais. A ausência de sentido se revela aterrorizadora quando a percepção real da morte lhe recai. A figura do criado Guerássim, o virtuoso da simplicidade, é central para entender a crítica. No final a morte é apresentada mais como uma oportunidade de renascimento, quando Ivan percebe a inutilidade do ódio e rancor e submerge numa grande compaixão pelo sofrimento de quem ainda vive.
Tolstoi estava a frente de seu tempo, a crise moral que se segue após a sua morte em 1910 é a revelação social do que ele já escrevia. Nos tempos atuais a crítica volta a servir perfeitamente, mesmo que notemos que já há uma boa percepção disso. ( )
  dsheise | Sep 28, 2009 |
Blurp: De dood van Iwan Iljitsj (1886) van Tolstoj is een schokkende geschiedenis van het sterven van de hoge gerechtsdienaar Iwan Iljitsj Golowin. Op het toppunt van zijn carrière wordt hij ineens geconfronteerd met een onvermijdelijke dood. Plotseling tot intensief nadenken aangezet maakt hij de balans op van een ondanks het uiterlijke succes leeg en leugenachtig leven: wat altijd een best leventje leek ontmaskert zichzelf nu als een burgerlijk, zelfingenomen bestaan, waarbij alles draaide om de materiële welvaart. De relatie tot zijn gezinsleden is gestoord, het gebrek aan communicatie leidt tot ene volledige innerlijke vereenzaming van de ongeneeslijke zieke, die ook nog moet meemaken hoe het 'ontzaglijk plechtig sterven' wordt ontheiligd door de ongeïnteresseerdheid van vrouw en dochter en de pedante onverschilligheid van de artsen. Troost vindt hij bij een eenvoudige boerenjongen en bij zijn zoon Vasja, die trachten zijn sterven te verlichten. Van buiten af (de omgeving) naar binnen toe beschrijft Tolstoj in een bondige stijl in een voortdurend crescendo de verschillende etappes van dit sterfproces van 'een gewone man'. In zijn nawoord belicht G.J. Bremer, docent in de huisartsgeneeskunde te Leiden, de medisch-psychische kant van het 'geval' Iwan Iljitsj. 'In De dood van Iwan Iljitsj heeft Tolstoj de levensleugen uitgebeeld, heersend in een milieu van bureaucratische kleinburgers, mensen, door de verhoudingen waarin zij leven murw gemaakt, innerlijk verarmd en uitgepieterd, dat in hun hart geen greintje waarheid en echte levensmoed overgebleven is.' - Henriëtte Roland Holst.
Samenv.: Ofschoon het gehele werk van Tolstoj psychologisch en existentieel belangrijk is ook voor de mens in onze tijd, is het in ieder geval waardevol om een van de meest beroemde kortere verhalen opnieuw uit te geven. Op het toppunt van zijn carrière wordt de hoofdpersoon van het verhaal, een hoge gerechtsmagistraat, met de dood geconfronteerd door een ongeneeslijke ziekte. Bij het opmaken van de balans van zijn leven ervaart hij hoe nutteloos zijn bestaan, ondanks de uiterlijke successen geweest is en hoe slecht zijn relatie met zijn naaste omgeving. Bij het sterven blijkt een geringe belangstelling van zijn vrouw en dochter en een onverschilligheid van de kant van de artsen. Zijn troost vindt hij nog bij een zoon en een boerejongen. De voortreffelijke vertaling is van een van onze bekwaamste slavisten.
  cowpeace | May 4, 2009 |
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The Death of Ivan Ilyich

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Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0553210351, Mass Market Paperback)

Hailed as one of the world's supreme masterpieces on the subject of death and dying, The Death of Ivan Ilyich is the story of a worldly careerist, a high court judge who has never given the inevitability of his death so much as a passing thought. But one day death announces itself to him, and to his shocked surprise he is brought face to face with his own mortality. How, Tolstoy asks, does an unreflective man confront his one and only moment of truth?

This short novel was the artistic culmination of a profound spiritual crisis in Tolstoy's life, a nine-year period following the publication of Anna Karenina during which he wrote not a word of fiction. A thoroughly absorbing and, at times, terrifying glimpse into the abyss of death, it is also a strong testament to the possibility of finding spiritual salvation.

(retirado da Amazon Fri, 24 Apr 2009 07:58:04 -0400)

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