Paul V. Bolstad

Indeholder "Chapter 1. An Introduction to GIS", " Introduction", " What is a GIS?", " GIS: A Ubiquitous Tool", " Why Do We Need GIS?", " GIS in Action", " Geographic Information Science", " GIS Components", " Hardware for GIS", " GIS Software", " ArcGIS", " GeoMedia", " MapInfo", " Idrisi", " ERDAS", " AUTOCAD MAP", " MicroImages", " Manifold", " GIS in Organizations", " Summary", " The Structure of This Book", "Chapter 2. Data Models", " Introduction", " Coordinate Data", " Attribute Data and Types", " Common Spatial Data Models", " Vector Data Models", " The Spaghetti Vector Model", " Topological Vector Models", " Vector Features and Attribute Tables", " Raster Data Models", " Models and Cells", " Raster Features and Attribute Tables", " A Comparison of Raster and Vector Data Models", " Conversion between Raster and Vector Models", " Triangulated Irregular Networks", " Multiple Models", " Object Data Models", " Data and File Structures", " Binary and ASCII Numbers", " Pointers", " Data Compression", " Common File Formats", " Summary", "Chapter 3. Map Projections and Coordinate Systems", " Introduction", " Early Measurements", " Specifying the Ellipsoid", " The Geoid", " Geographic Coordinates, Latitude, and Longitude", " Horizontal Datums", " Vertical Datums", " Control Accuracy and Maintenance", " Map Projections and Coordinate Systems", " Common Map Projections in GIS", " The State Plane Coordinate System", " Universal Transverse Mercator Coordinate Systems", " Continental and Global Projections", " Conversion Among Coordinate Systems", " The Public Land Survey System", " Summary", "Chapter 4. Maps, Data Entry, Editing, and Output", " Building a GIS Database", " Introduction", " Hardcopy Maps", " Map Scale", " Map Generalization", " Map Media", " Map Boundaries and Spatial Data", " Digitizing: Coordinate Capture", " On-screen Digitizing", " Hardcopy Map Digitization", " Characteristics of Manual Digitizing", " The Digitizing Process", " Digitizing Errors, Node and Line Snapping", " Reshaping. Line Smoothing and Thinning", " Scan Digitizing", " Editing Geographic Data", " Features Common to Several Layers", " Coordinate Surveying", " Coordinate Transformation", " Control Points", " Control Point Sources: Surveying", " GPS Control Points", " Control Points from Existing Maps and Digital Data", " The Affine Transformation", " Other Coordinate Transformations", " Raster Geometry and Resampling", " Map Projection versus Transformation", " Metadata: Data Documentation", " Summary", "Chapter 5. The Global Positioning System", " GPS Basics", " GPS Broadcast Signals", " GPS Range Distances", " Positional Uncertainty", " Sources of Range Error", " Satellite Geometry and Dilution of Precision", " Differential Correction", " Real-Time Differential Positioning", " WAAS and Satellite-based Corrections", " GNSS Applications", " Field Digitization", " Field Digitizing Accuracy and Efficiency", " Rangefinder Integration", " GPS Tracking", " Summary", "Chapter 6. Aerial and Satellite Images", " Introduction", " Basic Principles", " Aerial Photographs", " Primary Uses of Aerial Photographs", " Photographic Film", " Camera Formats and Systems", " Digital Aerial Cameras", " Geometric Quality of Aerial Photographs", " Terrain and Tilt Distortion in Aerial Images", " System Errors: Media, Lens, and Camera Distortion", " Stereo Photographic Coverage", " Geometric Correction of Aerial Photographs", " Photointerpretation", " Satellite Images", " Basic Principles of Satellite Image Scanners", " High Resolution Satellite Systems", " SPOT", " Landsat", " AVHRR", " MODIS", " Other Systems", " Satellite Images in GIS", " Aerial Photographs or Satellite Images in GIS. Which to Use?", " Image Sources", " Summary", "Chapter 7. Digital Data", " Introduction", " National and Global Digital Data", " Digital Data for the United States", " National Spatial Data Infrastructure", " Digital Raster Graphics", " Digital Line Graphs", " Digital Elevation Models", " Digital Orthophoto Quadrangles", " Hydrologic Data", " National Wetlands Inventory", " Digital Soils Data", " Digital Floodplain Data", " Digital Census Data", " The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem", " National Land Cover Data", " Summary", "Chapter 8. Attribute Data and Tables", " Introduction", " Database Components and Characteristics", " Physical, Logical, and Conceptual Structures", " Non-relational Databases", " Relational Databases", " Hybrid Database Designs in GIS", " Selection Based on Attributes", " The Restrict Operator: Table Queries", " Normal Forms in Relational Databases", " Keys and Functional Dependencies", " The First and Second Normal Forms", " The Third Normal Form", " Object-Relational Data Models", " Trends in Spatial DBMS", " Summary", "Chapter 9. Basic Spatial Analysis", " Introduction", " Input, Operations, and Output", " Scope", " Selection and Classification", " Set Algebra", " Boolean Algebra", " Spatial Selection Operations", " Classification", " Dissolve", " Proximity Functions and Buffering", " Buffers", " Raster Buffers", " Vector Buffers", " Overlay", " Raster Overlay", " Vector Overlay", " Clip, Intersect, and Union: Special Cases of Overlay", " A Problem in Vector Overlay", " Network Analysis", " Geocoding", " Summary", "Chapter 10. Topics in Raster Analysis", " Introduction", " Map Algebra", " Local Functions", " Logical Operations", " Reclassification", " Nested Functions", " Overlay", " Neighborhood Functions", " Cost Surfaces", " Summary", "Chapter 11. Terrain Analysis", " Introduction", " Slope and Aspect", " Hydrologic Functions", " Viewsheds", " Shaded Relief Maps", " Summary", "Chapter 12. Spatial Estimation: Interpolation, Prediction, and Core Area Delineation", " Introduction", " Sampling", " Sampling Patterns", " Spatial Interpolation Methods", " Nearest Neighbor Interpolation", " Fixed Radius - Local Averaging", " Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation", " Splines", " Spatial Prediction", " Spatial Regression", " Trend Surface and Simple Spatial Regression", " Kriging and Co-Kriging", " Core Area Mapping", " Mean Center and Mean Circle", " Convex Hulls", " Kernel Mapping", " Summary", "Chapter 13. Spatial Models and Modeling", " Introduction", " Cartographic Modeling", " Designing a Cartographic Model", " Weightings and Rankings", " Rankings Within Criteria", " Weighting Among Criteria", " Cartographic Models: a Detailed Example", " Spatio-temporal Models", " Cell Based Models", " Agent-based modeling in a Cellular Environment", " Example 1: Process-based Hydrologic Models", " Example 2: A Stochastic Model of Forest Change", " LANDIS - a Forest Siccession Model", " LANDIS Design Elements", " Summary", "Chapter 14. Data Standards, Data Quality", " Introduction", " Spatial Data Standards", " Data Accuracy", " Documenting Spatial Data Accuracy", " Positional Accuracy", " A Standard Method for Measuring Positional Accuracy", " Test Points", " Accuracy Calculations", " Errors in Linear or Area Features", " Attribute Accuracy", " Error Propagation in Spatial Analysis", " Summary", "Chapter 15. New Developments in GIS", " Introduction", " GPS", " Mobile Real-Time Mapping", " Improved Remote Sensing", " Internet Mapping", " Visualization", " Open GIS", " Open Standards for GIS", " Open Source GIS", " Summary", "Appendix A. Glossary", "Appendix B. Sources of Geographic Information", "Appendix C. Useful Conversions and Information", " Length", " Area", " Angles", " Scale", " State Plane Zones", " Trigonometric Relationships", "Index".

Glimrende gennemgang af geografiske informationssystemer.… (mais)