André Gide (1869–1951)
Autor(a) de The Immoralist
About the Author
Gide, the reflective rebel against bourgeois morality and one of the most important and controversial figures in modern European literature, published his first book anonymously at the age of 18. Gide was born in Paris, the only child of a law professor and a strict Calvinist mother. As a young mostrar mais man, he was an ardent member of the symbolist group, but the style of his later work is more in the tradition of classicism. Much of his work is autobiographical, and the story of his youth and early adult years and the discovery of his own sexual tendencies is related in Si le grain ne meurt (If it die . . .) (1926). Corydon (1923) deals with the question of homosexuality openly. Gide's reflections on life and literature are contained in his Journals (1954), which span the years 1889--1949. He was a founder of the influential Nouvelle Revue Francaise, in which the works of many prominent modern European authors appeared, and he remained a director until 1941. He resigned when the journal passed into the hands of the collaborationists. Gide's sympathies with communism prompted him to travel to Russia, where he found the realities of Soviet life less attractive than he had imagined. His accounts of his disillusionment were published as Return from the U.S.S.R. (1937) and Afterthoughts from the U.S.S.R. (1938). Always preoccupied with freedom, a champion of the oppressed and a skeptic, he remained an incredibly youthful spirit. Gide himself classified his fiction into three categories: satirical tales with elements of farce like Les Caves du Vatican (Lafcadio's Adventures) (1914), which he termed soties; ironic stories narrated in the first person like The Immoralist (1902) and Strait Is the Gate (1909), which he called recits; and a more complex narrative related from a multifaceted point of view, which he called a roman (novel). The only example of the last category that he published was The Counterfeiters (1926). Throughout his career, Gide maintained an extensive correspondence with such noted figures as Valery, Claudel, Rilke, and others. In 1947, he received the Nobel Prize for Literature. (Bowker Author Biography) mostrar menos
Séries
Obras por André Gide
Gide. Anthologie de la poésie française (La Pléiade) (1949) — Editor; Prefácio, algumas edições — 57 exemplares
Verhalend en essayistisch proza, alsmede een uitgebreide keuze uit Journal, Correspondentie en andere werken 21 exemplares
Nouveaux prétextes : réflexions sur quelques points de littérature et de morale (1911) — Autor — 7 exemplares
Gide. Romans et récits. Oeuvres lyriques et dramatiques. Tome 1/2 (La Pléiade) (2009) — Autor — 7 exemplares
Romanzi 6 exemplares
The Immoralist | Strait is the Gate | The Pastoral Symphony — Autor — 5 exemplares
Gide. Romans et récits. Oeuvres lyriques et dramatiques. Tome 2/2 (La Pléiade) (2009) — Autor — 4 exemplares
Opere 3 exemplares
Anthologie de la poésie française : avec une préf 3 exemplares
L'immoralista - le segrete del Vaticano 3 exemplares
André Gide, Jules Romains, Correspondance, 1908-1946. L'individu et l'unanime (1992) — Autor — 3 exemplares
The Journals of Andre Gide: Vol 2 3 exemplares
Gertrude 3 exemplares
André Gide, Roger Martin du Gard. Correspondance, Tome 1/2 : 1913-1934 et Tome 2/2 : 1935-1951 (1968) — Autor — 3 exemplares
Correspondance: 1893-1938 2 exemplares
Die Verliese des Vatikan - Die Falschmünzer, 2 exemplares
L'école des femmes suivi de Robert 2 exemplares
Gli ultimi anni di Oscar Wilde, dandy decaduto 2 exemplares
Erzählungen 2 exemplares
Gesammelte Werke, 12 Bde., Bd.4, Autobiographisches, 4. Band: Et nunc manet in te / So sei es oder Die Würfel sind… (1990) 2 exemplares
Aus den Tagebüchern 1889 - 1939 2 exemplares
André Gide, Roger Martin du Gard. Correspondance. Tome 2/2 : 1935-1951 (1968) — Autor — 2 exemplares
Lettres de Charles Du Bos et réponses de André Gide 2 exemplares
André Gide, Dorothy Bussy. Correspondance. Tome 1/3 : Juin 1918 - Décembre 1924 (1979) 2 exemplares
Numquid et tu? 2 exemplares
Gide André 2 exemplares
Oeuvres complètes d'André Gide 2 exemplares
Gesammelte Werke Bd.1. Autobiographisches. Enth. Stirb und Werde. Tagebuch 1889-1902 (1989) 2 exemplares
Incontri e pretesti 2 exemplares
Samtlìche Erzahlungen 1 exemplar
André gide par lui-même. 1 exemplar
Romans : rčits et soties; uvres lyriques 1 exemplar
Pastoraalisinfonia 1 exemplar
Obras Escogidas 1 exemplar
Les Faux-monnayeurs de André Gide (fiche de lecture et analyse complète de l'oeuvre) (French Edition) (2020) 1 exemplar
Attendu que 1 exemplar
Diarios 1911-1925 1 exemplar
Un esprit non prévenu 1 exemplar
Acceptance speech delivered by Anders Österling at the presentation of the Nobel Prize for Literature to André Gide,… (1971) 1 exemplar
André Gide: Oeuvres majeures: Romans, Nouvelles, Poésie, Cahiers de Voyage, Essais Littéraires &… 1 exemplar
Gertrude : La symphonie pastorale 1 exemplar
Os Moedeiros Falsos 1 exemplar
Prem Aur Prakash 1 exemplar
Self portraits 1 exemplar
OSCAR WILDE 1 exemplar
L'Immoraliste par André Gide 1 exemplar
Romans: Recits et soties: Oeuvres lyriques 1 exemplar
Journal: 1889-1939 1 exemplar
LA LITERATURA COMPROMETIDA 1 exemplar
Récits, roman, soties 1 exemplar
The notebooks of André Walter. Translated from the French and with an introd. and notes by Wade Baskin. (1968) 1 exemplar
Eloges 1 exemplar
Strait is the gate, and, The Vatican cellars 1 exemplar
Jeunesse 1 exemplar
Et Nunc Manet in Te: Suivi de Journal Intime 1 exemplar
Chopin Uzerine Notlar 1 exemplar
Vatikánské kobky : bláznivina 1 exemplar
Tagebcher — Autor — 1 exemplar
TEZEU DIN FILE DE TOAMNA 1 exemplar
LETTERE AD ANGELA 1986 1 exemplar
Tratado de homosexualismo corydon 1 exemplar
Un francâes en la U.R.S.S 1 exemplar
Falskmyntarna del III 1 exemplar
Falskmyntarna del I-II 1 exemplar
André Gide, Jacques Copeau. Correspondance. Tome 1/2 : Décembre 1902 - Mars 1913 (1989) — Autor — 1 exemplar
A Crime Without A Motive 1 exemplar
Poesie 1 exemplar
Rencontres 1 exemplar
Literatura francesa II: La Sinfonía Pastoral. Los Placeres y los Días. Disraeli. Semmelweiss. La Condición Humana.… (1982) 1 exemplar
Pântanos 1 exemplar
De nieuwe spijzen 1 exemplar
Pages from the Journal 1 exemplar
Hyrden 1 exemplar
André Gide Gesammelte Werke 1 exemplar
Tagebuch 1889 - 1939. Bd. 2. 1914 - 1923 1 exemplar
André Gide, Dorothy Bussy. Correspondance. Tome 3/3 : Janvier 1937 - Janvier 1951 (1982) — Autor — 1 exemplar
André Gide, Dorothy Bussy. Correspondance, tome 2/3 : Janvier 1925 - Novembre 1936 (1981) — Autor — 1 exemplar
André Gide, Jacques Copeau. Correspondance. Tome 2/2 : Mars 1913 - Octobre 1949 (1989) — Autor — 1 exemplar
André Gide, Henri Ghéon. Correspondance. Tome 1/2 : 1897-1903 et Tome 2/2 : 1904-1944 (1976) — Autor — 1 exemplar
Littérature engagée 1 exemplar
Index des noms et des titres cités dans la correspondance André Gide, Roger Martin du Gard (1971) — Autor — 1 exemplar
Dindiki. 1 exemplar
Prétextes: (suivi de) Nouveaux prétextes: réflexions sur quelques points de littérature et… (1903) — Autor — 1 exemplar
Gide Et Le Mythe Grec: Suivi De Fragments Du Traite Des Dioscures Et Autres Textes Inedits (Bibliotheque Gidienne)… (2019) 1 exemplar
Odabrana djela 7: (Povodi i odjeci) 1 exemplar
Associated Works
The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner (1824) — Posfácio, algumas edições — 2,403 exemplares
The Assassin's Cloak: An Anthology of the World's Greatest Diarists (2000) — Contribuidor, algumas edições — 552 exemplares
rororo Monographien, Nr.4, Antoine de Saint-Exupery (1956) — Contribuidor, algumas edições — 37 exemplares
Shakespeare : Oeuvres complètes, tome 2 : Roméo et Juliette (1959) — Tradutor, algumas edições; Avant-propos, algumas edições — 15 exemplares
Les Pages immortelles : De Montaigne, choisies et expliquées par André Gide (1949) — Préface et anthologie — 11 exemplares
André Gide's The Immoralist: A Play — Autor — 5 exemplares
Het neusje van de zalm een feestelijke bloemlezing uit Querido's 'vlaggetjesreeks' (1986) — Contribuidor — 5 exemplares
Ystävykset ja muita ranskalaisia novelleja 2 exemplares
Les cahiers de la Petite Dame. Notes pour l'histoire authentique d'André Giide. Tome 2/4 : 1929-1937 (1975) — Contribuidor — 2 exemplares
Les cahiers de la Petite Dame : notes pour l'histoire authentique d'Andride. 1, 1918-1929 (1973) — Contribuidor — 1 exemplar
Les cahiers de la Petite Dame : notes pour l'histoire authentique d'Andride. 4, 1945-1951 (1977) — Contribuidor — 1 exemplar
Les Cahiers de la Petite Dame: notes pour l'histoire authentique d'André Gide (1976) — Contribuidor — 1 exemplar
Théâtre complet. Avant-propos d'André Gide (1938) — Prefácio, algumas edições; Tradutor, algumas edições — 1 exemplar
Etiquetado
Conhecimento Comum
- Nome canónico
- Gide, André
- Nome legal
- Gide, André Paul Guillaume
- Data de nascimento
- 1869-11-22
- Data de falecimento
- 1951-02-19
- Localização do túmulo
- Cimetière de Cuverville, Cuverville, France
- Sexo
- male
- Nacionalidade
- França
- Local de nascimento
- París, França
- Local de falecimento
- París, França
- Locais de residência
- París, França
St Brelades Bay, Jersey, Channel Islands
Normandy, France
Tunis, Tunisia - Educação
- Lycée Henri IV, Paris, France
- Ocupações
- novelist
essayist - Relações
- Wharton, Edith (friend)
Schiffrin, Jacques (friend) - Organizações
- La Nouvelle Revue Française, Revue littéraire (Co-fondateur ∙ 1909)
L'Ermitage, Revue littéraire (Collaboration ∙ 1897 ∙ 1906) - Prémios e menções honrosas
- Premi Nobel de Literatura (1947)
Membros
Críticas
Oscar Wilde. In Memoriam (Souvenirs). Le « De… por André Gide
Réunit deux textes de Gide : des souvenirs de ses rencontres avec Oscar Wilde et un essai sur le De Profundis lors de la première parution en français de ce texte.
This is a difficult story to appreciate today, removed from its original context. Alissa and Jerome love each other, and Alissa's sister Juliette also loves Jerome. Oh, and they're first cousins who grew up around each other. Alissa tries to give Jerome up to her sister, but Juliette matches the sacrifice by immediately marrying some random guy who appeared on the scene in order to remove herself from the picture.
Alissa though continues and takes to a far extreme her self-sacrifice. She has the idea that human love is vastly inferior to love of God and that it indeed gets in the way.
Though today we idealize and elevate romantic love, and the deists among us seemingly naturally place God's blessing upon it, this was not always the case. Among the turn of the twentieth century Protestants in northern France, apparently, romantic love and love of God were sometimes seen as rivals, or at least in tension with each other. Gide wrote this novel as a cautionary tale, to explore the taking of this attitude to the extreme. It is a twin tale to his novel The Immoralist, where Michel pursues the opposite extreme of earthly pleasure, also to disaster.
It was also a shot at his wife's tendencies, with whom the homosexual Gide had an unconsummated relationship. His wife who was also his cousin. While The Immoralist, in which a married homosexual man is attracted to Arab boys, is a shot at his own.… (mais)
Alissa though continues and takes to a far extreme her self-sacrifice. She has the idea that human love is vastly inferior to love of God and that it indeed gets in the way.
"What can the soul prefer to happiness?" I cried, impetuously. She whispered: "Holiness..."She tells Jerome:
"In the first moments of your stay at Fongueusemare it was astonishment that I felt - soon after it was uneasiness - at the strange contentment that filled my whole being in your presence; 'a contentment so great,' you said, 'that I desire nothing beyond!' Alas! that is just what makes me uneasy... 'If it did not suffice, it would not be happiness,' you said, do you remember? And I did not know what to answer. No, Jerome, it does not suffice us. Jerome, it must not suffice us. I cannot take this delicious contentment for the true one... We were born for a happiness other than that..."In the name of this love of God, she continually pushes Jerome away, renouncing human love and happiness. Having renounced earthly pleasure, she naturally wastes away and dies, though only about in her late twenties. Jerome is given her diary after her death, in which she writes that she loves him so much that she has failed to love God more. Despairing, she resolved to help Jerome reach that height of religious virtue that she was unable to reach herself by making it so he could not love her any longer.
Alas! I understand now only too well: between God and him there is no other obstacle but myself. If perhaps, as he says, his love for me at first inclined him to God, now that very love hinders him; he lingers with me, prefers me, and I am become the idol that keeps him back from making further progress in virtue. One of us two must needs attain to it; and as I despair of overcoming the love in my coward heart, grant me, my God, vouchsafe me strength to teach him to love me no longer, so that at the cost of my merits I may bring Thee his, which are so infinitely preferable... Was he not born for something better than to love me?The cost of her unasked for sacrifice is soon her death, and the last line she writes is, "I should like to die now, quickly, before again realising that I am alone." As a final twist of the knife, Gide has Jerome visit Juliette ten years after Alissa's death, Juliette with 5 children now, and he tells her that he will not love another woman for the rest of his life. She asks him,
"Then you think that one can keep a hopeless love in one's heart for so long as that? And that life can breathe upon it every day, without extinguishing it?"She puts her hands to her face and begins to cry, and we cannot doubt it is her own love for Jerome of which she was speaking. Lord a'mighty.
Though today we idealize and elevate romantic love, and the deists among us seemingly naturally place God's blessing upon it, this was not always the case. Among the turn of the twentieth century Protestants in northern France, apparently, romantic love and love of God were sometimes seen as rivals, or at least in tension with each other. Gide wrote this novel as a cautionary tale, to explore the taking of this attitude to the extreme. It is a twin tale to his novel The Immoralist, where Michel pursues the opposite extreme of earthly pleasure, also to disaster.
It was also a shot at his wife's tendencies, with whom the homosexual Gide had an unconsummated relationship. His wife who was also his cousin. While The Immoralist, in which a married homosexual man is attracted to Arab boys, is a shot at his own.… (mais)
A museum piece. Not one of those that draws the crowds, either; more of a worthy but kind of dull, really, Velazquez.
A companion to Gide's [b:Strait is the Gate|469406|Strait is the Gate (La Porte Etroite)|André Gide|https://d.gr-assets.com/books/1347378560s/469406.jpg|702632], in which he explores the dangers of over-religiosity, in The Immoralist he explores the dangers of rejecting the conventional moral life and trying to live for immediate aesthetic and sensual pleasures. Well, kind of. The life Michel leads here is still fairly conventional, even edging on moral, despite his lofty rhetoric otherwise. He just doesn't do much to impress the reader that he's in fact living out his stated aims and rejecting convention.
Which gets to what this story is perhaps really about: repressed homosexuality. I have to take issue with the book description where it states the book is "a frank defense of homosexuality". It is nothing of the kind. In regards to Michel's homosexuality, it is the opposite of frank. It is subtle enough that it apparently went almost totally unnoticed at the time of its publication. Furthermore it is not a defense; Michel is a mostly unsympathetic character, he treats his devoted (painfully so) wife rather appallingly, and as Gide writes in his preface to a later edition of the work, "If I had intended my hero as an example, it must be granted I did anything but succeed." Indeed, I can't imagine anyone thinking at the end of this story, "Man, that Michel, what a great guy."
It may be said this book is an illustration of the torments and harm that can come about through the individual repressing such an elementary, necessary part of him or herself. A repression that can be blamed on society's restrictive conception of what is proper and moral, to be sure. Even when the individual tries to live in a way more true to himself, it may still prove difficult.
The Immoralist may then be more a condemnation of narrow-minded society that produces tormented men like Michel, than of Michel's transgressive actions, or a defense of such a man produced by such a society.
Which all may make the book sound like an entertaining read, but I assure you, the ideas behind the book are more interesting than the book's execution.… (mais)
A companion to Gide's [b:Strait is the Gate|469406|Strait is the Gate (La Porte Etroite)|André Gide|https://d.gr-assets.com/books/1347378560s/469406.jpg|702632], in which he explores the dangers of over-religiosity, in The Immoralist he explores the dangers of rejecting the conventional moral life and trying to live for immediate aesthetic and sensual pleasures. Well, kind of. The life Michel leads here is still fairly conventional, even edging on moral, despite his lofty rhetoric otherwise. He just doesn't do much to impress the reader that he's in fact living out his stated aims and rejecting convention.
Which gets to what this story is perhaps really about: repressed homosexuality. I have to take issue with the book description where it states the book is "a frank defense of homosexuality". It is nothing of the kind. In regards to Michel's homosexuality, it is the opposite of frank. It is subtle enough that it apparently went almost totally unnoticed at the time of its publication. Furthermore it is not a defense; Michel is a mostly unsympathetic character, he treats his devoted (painfully so) wife rather appallingly, and as Gide writes in his preface to a later edition of the work, "If I had intended my hero as an example, it must be granted I did anything but succeed." Indeed, I can't imagine anyone thinking at the end of this story, "Man, that Michel, what a great guy."
It may be said this book is an illustration of the torments and harm that can come about through the individual repressing such an elementary, necessary part of him or herself. A repression that can be blamed on society's restrictive conception of what is proper and moral, to be sure. Even when the individual tries to live in a way more true to himself, it may still prove difficult.
The Immoralist may then be more a condemnation of narrow-minded society that produces tormented men like Michel, than of Michel's transgressive actions, or a defense of such a man produced by such a society.
Which all may make the book sound like an entertaining read, but I assure you, the ideas behind the book are more interesting than the book's execution.… (mais)
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Estatísticas
- Obras
- 275
- Also by
- 42
- Membros
- 14,957
- Popularidade
- #1,532
- Avaliação
- 3.7
- Críticas
- 185
- ISBN
- 748
- Línguas
- 28
- Marcado como favorito
- 44
