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Blaise Pascal (1623–1662)

Autor(a) de Pensées

396+ Works 9,034 Membros 61 Críticas 35 Favorited

About the Author

French Mathematician Blaise Pascal did much to set in motion what is known today as modern mathematics. An unusually creative mathematician, he developed a number of theorems and mathematical structures, including the beginnings of probability theory and a more sophisticated understanding of the mostrar mais geometry of conic structures. At the age of 16, Pascal wrote a brilliant paper on conics; the paper consisted of one single printed page on which he states his major theorem - the opposite sides of any hexagon inscribed in a cone intersect in a straight line. This theorem led Pascal to develop several hundred related theorems in geometry. Pascal's activities, however, were not confined to pure mathematics. When he was about 19 years old, he built a calculating machine that he demonstrated to the king of France. It worked well enough to allow him to build and sell about 50 of them over a few years' time. His work on problems in atmospheric pressure eventually resulted in an early version of the gas law. At the age of 25, Pascal entered a Jansenist monastery to begin an ascetic life of study and argument. However, he continued his mathematical work. With Pierre de Fermat, Pascal laid the foundation for the theory of probability. In 1654, Pascal's friend, the Chevelier de Mere, had asked him to analyze a problem arising from a game of chance. Pascal in turn exchanged a number of letters with Fermat about the problem. This correspondence became the starting point for a theory of probability. However, neither published the ideas developed in the correspondence. The letters did inspire one of Pascal's contemporaries, Christian Huygens of Holland, to publish in 1657 a short tract on the mathematics of games involving dice. Pascal's name is now attached to "Pascals' Triangle" of binomial coefficients which plays and important role in the study combinations and probability. The triangle was known at least 600 years before Pascal became interested in it, but because of his contributions to its study, the triangle eventually became associated with his name. A sensitive and temperamental man, Pascal was obsessed with religious philosophy, a subject on which he wrote extensively. In his general philosophy he was very much taken with the concept of the infinite, which unsettled him and inspired in him a sense of awe. Over a period of years, he wrote on many religious, philosophical, and mathematical subjects. His notes and letters were edited and published posthumously as his Pensees. (Bowker Author Biography) mostrar menos
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Séries

Obras por Blaise Pascal

Pensées (1669) 4,846 exemplares
The Provincial Letters (1952) 442 exemplares
Britannica Great Books: Pascal (1670) — Autor — 346 exemplares
Thoughts ; Letters ; Minor works (1910) 276 exemplares
Pensées; The Provincial Letters (1941) 232 exemplares
Human Happiness (1670) 121 exemplares
Oeuvres complètes (1954) 82 exemplares
100 Eternal Masterpieces of Literature - volume 1 (2017) — Contribuidor — 56 exemplares
Pensées et Opuscules (1927) 50 exemplares
Oeuvres complètes (1873) — Autor — 39 exemplares
The essential Pascal (1966) 34 exemplares
Gedachten (1997) 26 exemplares
The Living Thoughts of Pascal (1940) — Autor — 26 exemplares
Pascal (1954) 24 exemplares
Pascal : Oeuvres complètes, tome 1 (1998) — Autor — 21 exemplares
Pensees: No 1 18 exemplares
Pascal : Oeuvres complètes, tome 2 (2000) — Autor — 16 exemplares
Da Arte de Persuadir (2003) 16 exemplares
Della necessità della scommessa (1994) 14 exemplares
Düsünceler (1932) 14 exemplares
Tankar. 2 11 exemplares
Frammenti politici (2000) 11 exemplares
Les Provinciales (2004) 10 exemplares
Größe und Elend des Menschen (1979) 8 exemplares
Provinciais, As (2016) 7 exemplares
Œuvres complètes (1964) 7 exemplares
Myšlenky : výbor (2000) 7 exemplares
The works of Blaise Pascal (2013) 7 exemplares
Brev och småskrifter (2012) 7 exemplares
Pascal 6 exemplares
Thoughts, Selections (1949) 6 exemplares
Scientific Treatises 6 exemplares
Oeuvres de Blaise Pascal (2012) 5 exemplares
The Wager (1995) 5 exemplares
Pensaments i opuscles (2021) 5 exemplares
Dusunceler (2005) 5 exemplares
Pensées : Opuscules et lettres (2011) 4 exemplares
Pensieri: antologia (1981) 4 exemplares
Pensées, tome 2 (1977) 4 exemplares
Pensamientos (2018) 4 exemplares
The Heart of Pascal (1945) 3 exemplares
pensees, opuscules et lettres (2011) 3 exemplares
Pascal's apology for religion (1942) 3 exemplares
Mysli (2019) 3 exemplares
Die Vernunft des Herzens (2010) 3 exemplares
Great shorter works of Pascal (1948) 3 exemplares
Pensieri. Scommessa su Dio (1995) 3 exemplares
L'Oeuvre (2023) 3 exemplares
Pensieri, opuscoli, lettere (1978) 3 exemplares
uvres compltes / 3 exemplares
科学論文集 (岩波文庫) (1953) 2 exemplares
パンセ (中公文庫) (1973) 2 exemplares
Oeuvres Completes, l'integrale (1966) 2 exemplares
Pascal 2 exemplares
Opuscoli e lettere 2 exemplares
Escritos Escogidos (2016) 2 exemplares
Pensées et opuscules (1934) 2 exemplares
Oeuvres Completes 2 exemplares
Provincianes (2023) 2 exemplares
Les provinciales II 2 exemplares
Oeuvres complètes, tome 2 (1992) 2 exemplares
L'œuvre de Pascal 2 exemplares
Os pensadores: Pascal 2 exemplares
Gedanken 2 exemplares
Pascal's Thoughts (2018) 2 exemplares
Risaleler (2017) 2 exemplares
Thoughts [Part II] 2 exemplares
Thoughts [Part I] 2 exemplares
Of the Geometrical Spirit (2015) 2 exemplares
Pascal : Oeuvres Completes (1954) 2 exemplares
Svět Blaise Pascala 2 exemplares
Opuscoli e lettere 2 exemplares
Pensees et opuscules (1914) 2 exemplares
Selections From Pascal (2017) 2 exemplares
Pascal 2 exemplares
Een gedachte voor elke dag (2005) 2 exemplares
La morale dei gesuiti 2 exemplares
[Pensieri] 1 (1996) 2 exemplares
Denken mit Blaise Pascal (2006) 1 exemplar
Pascal Pens̩es 1 exemplar
De Store tænkere: Pascal (2000) 1 exemplar
Myšlenky 1 exemplar
Thoughts on Religion (2016) 1 exemplar
Opúsculos (1964) 1 exemplar
Œuvre 1 exemplar
Pensees and The Provincial Letters — Autor — 1 exemplar
Misli 1 exemplar
Cugetări (2013) 1 exemplar
LES PROVINCIALES, 2 TOMES (1962) 1 exemplar
Les Provincials (1970) 1 exemplar
Oeuvres choisies 1 exemplar
Les provinciales I 1 exemplar
The Penses / 1 exemplar
Variety 1 exemplar
Sentez 1 exemplar
Les Provinciales 1 exemplar
Pensieri 2 (1996) 1 exemplar
Obras (1981) 1 exemplar
Pensees - Gedanken (2016) 1 exemplar
Worte, die befreien (1985) 1 exemplar
PENSEES -Poche- -1990- (1969) 1 exemplar
Oeuvres completes 1 exemplar
[Pensieri] 2 1 exemplar
Spisi o milosti (2012) 1 exemplar
provinciales, Les (2011) 1 exemplar
Scrieri alese 1 exemplar
Opuscules philosophiques (1980) 1 exemplar
Œuvres, tome IV 1 exemplar
Œuvres, tome V 1 exemplar
Tankar : II 1 exemplar
Pascals Breve 1 exemplar
«Il faut parier» (2009) 1 exemplar
Pensées sur la justice (2011) 1 exemplar
Hairspray (2000) 1 exemplar
Js (1998) 1 exemplar
Pensieri scelta 1 exemplar
Philosophie Jetzt! Pascal (1997) 1 exemplar
Tankar 1 1 exemplar
PENSEES 2 1 exemplar
Pensieri. Blaise Pascal (2009) 1 exemplar
Pascal. Choix de pensées (1965) 1 exemplar

Associated Works

The European Philosophers from Descartes to Nietzsche (1960) — Contribuidor — 435 exemplares
The Philosopher's Handbook: Essential Readings from Plato to Kant (2000) — Contribuidor — 200 exemplares
Western Philosophy: An Anthology (1996) — Autor, algumas edições184 exemplares
Man and Spirit: The Speculative Philosophers (1947) — Contribuidor — 173 exemplares
Belief: Readings on the Reason for Faith (2010) — Contribuidor — 143 exemplares
God (Hackett Readings in Philosophy) (1996) — Contribuidor, algumas edições57 exemplares
The Sheed and Ward Anthology of Catholic Philosophy (2005) — Contribuidor — 27 exemplares
The Middle Ages to the 17th Century: Literature of the Western World (1961) — Contribuidor, algumas edições23 exemplares
Philosophical Issues: A Contemporary Introduction (1972) — Contribuidor — 17 exemplares
Reading Philosophy of Religion (2010) — Contribuidor — 10 exemplares
Profil d'une oeuvre : Pensées, Pascal, 1670 (1973) — Contribuidor — 8 exemplares
The Analog Sea Review: Number Three (2020) — Contribuidor — 8 exemplares

Etiquetado

Conhecimento Comum

Nome legal
Pascal, Blaise
Outros nomes
Montalte, Louis de
Data de nascimento
1623-06-19
Data de falecimento
1662-08-19
Localização do túmulo
Saint-Étienne-du-Mont, Paris, France
Sexo
male
Nacionalidade
France
Local de nascimento
Clermont-Ferrand, France
Local de falecimento
Paris, France
Locais de residência
Clermont-Ferrand, France
Paris, France
Rouen, France
Port-Royal Abbey, Paris, France
Educação
at home
Ocupações
mathematician
physicist
theologian
philosopher
inventor
scientist
Relações
Périer-Pascal, Gilberte (zuster)

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Blaise Pascal was born in Clermont-Ferrand, France. His parents were Antoinette Bégon and Étienne Pascal, a local magistrate and presiding judge of the tax court there. He had two sisters, Gilberte and Jacqueline. Their mother died in 1626, when Blaise was three, and a few years later the family moved to Paris. Étienne Pascal, also a mathematician and natural philosopher who was proficient in Latin and Greek, devoted himself to the education of his children, who all showed exceptional abilities. Although often ill and in pain, Blaise proved to be talented in mathematics and science from a young age. In 1640, at age 16. he published an essay on conic sections, Essai pour les coniques, which won praise as an important contribution to the relatively new field of projective geometry. Between 1642 and 1644, Pascal conceived and constructed a calculating device, known as the Pascaline, the world's first mechanical calculator. In 1646, Etienne fell and fractured his leg and seriously injured his hip; he received medical treatment from two brothers who were disciples of Jean du Vergier de Hauranne, abbé de Saint-Cyran and director of the abbey of Port-Royal in Paris. The abbé Saint-Cyran had introduced an austere moral and theological creed known as Jansenism and the whole Pascal family converted. Pascal became devoutly religious and his sister Jacqueline eventually became a Jansenist nun. Over the next few years, Pascal tested the theories of Galileo and of Evangelista Torricelli. In a famous experiment in 1648, he had his brother-in-law take barometric readings at various altitudes on the Puy-de-Dôme, the highest mountain in the Auvergne, so he could test Torricelli's ideas on atmospheric pressure. During this time, Pascal invented the syringe and the hydraulic press. The years 1651–1654 were another period of intense scientific work for Pascal, during which he composed treatises on the equilibrium of liquid solutions, on the weight and density of air, and on the arithmetic triangle. Together with Pierre de Fermat, he created the calculus of probabilities. Pascal had a carriage accident in November 1654 in which he narrowly escaped death, and considered this a summons to begin a new life in seclusion from the world. He entered the abbey of Port-Royal and remained there until his death at age 39 in 1662. The two works for which he is chiefly remembered, Lettres Provinciales (1657) and the Pensées (1658), date from the years of his life at Port-Royal. Pascal's contributions to science have been honored in a variety of ways. In 1972, Nicklaus Wirth named his new computer language Pascal. The Pascal (symbol Pa) is the unit of pressure designated by the International System of Units.

Membros

Críticas

Foi em Clermont-Ferrand que nasceu, no ano de 1623, Blaise Pascal. Matemático, físico, filósofo e escritor, o seu nome é apontado como o de um dos mais brilhantes espíritos que a Humanidade já conheceu. Aos 11 anos compõe um tratado de sons e «descobre» sozinho todos os teoremas da geometria euclidiana. Aos 16 imagina uma «máquina aritmética» que é considerada, e com razão, a primeira máquina de calcular. Ficou conhecido como polemista brilhante, sobretudo com as célebres Cartas Provinciais, em que toma partido a favor dos jansenistas de Port-Royal e ataca violentamente a Sorbonne e os Jesuítas. Espírito profundamente religioso, Pascal acalentou durante anos o sonho de escrever uma grande Apologia da Religião Cristã. A doença que o acompanhou em vida e a morte precoce que o levou em 1662 não lhe permitiram concretizar esse sonho. Deixou, no entanto, enorme quantidade de materiais acumulados com vista a essa obra. Trata-se de reflexões dispersas a integrar e desenvolver nos vários capítulos em que a obra se dividiria. São essas reflexões que a posteridade conheceu sob o nome de Pensamentos e que agora apresentamos nesta colecção.… (mais)
 
Assinalado
Jonatas.Bakas | 32 outras críticas | Apr 25, 2021 |
A presente antologia compreende um conjunto de textos representativos de algumas das principais preocupações filosóficas de Blaise Pascal. Aos dois ensaios que abrem o volume e lhe emprestam o nome, segue-se um conjunto de textos com certa afinidade temática (onze 'pensamentos' e dois fragmentos: o primeiro, da Introdução à Geometria; o segundo, do Prefácio a um projectado Tratado do Vácuo). Seguem-se o célebre conjunto de 'pensamentos' sobre «os dois infinitos», o relato da 'conversa' de Pascal com M. De Saci (acerca da utilização cristã do pensamento alheio ao Cristianismo) e os três «Discursos sobre a condição dos grandes» (temas de filosofia moral, ainda actuais quanto à relatividade das coisas humanas).… (mais)
 
Assinalado
Jonatas.Bakas | Apr 25, 2021 |

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Estatísticas

Obras
396
Also by
12
Membros
9,034
Popularidade
#2,663
Avaliação
3.9
Críticas
61
ISBN
523
Línguas
24
Marcado como favorito
35

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