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Not Me: Memoirs of a German Childhood

por Joachim C. Fest

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The historian shares the story of his childhood and youth during which he experienced World War II in a German household opposed to the Nazis and was forced to come to terms with his father's strong political convictions.
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Der Sohn von Joachim Fest weigert sich heute gleich seinem Vater intolerante Gedanken in unsere Gesellschaft einzulassen. Man versteht nach diesem Buch, warum das so ist und wo er seine unbeugsame Haltung gegen diskriminierende, faschistische Haltungen her hat, aus welcher Ecke auch immer diese kommen mögen. Joachim Fest (JF) ist ein Kind der 33-45er Zeit, mit allen Anfechtungen, denen man damals durch etliche Zwangsmitgliedschaften und den Druck der Mitschüler, Lehrer, Gesellschaft etc. ausgesetzt war. Sein Vater wiederum erzieht die Kinder mit skeptischem, bürgerlichen, klaren Denken, er zeigt ihnen das Wunder des Guten auf, das in jedem selbst angelegt und täglich freigesetzt werden muss.

Hitlers Totalitarismus war eine Art Religion, die unmenschlichste Taten nach sich zog und gegen den sich der Vater von JF mit bürgerlicher Anständigkeit und humanistischer Bildung wehrte, auch wenn ihn das die Position als Schulleiter kosten sollte. Sich nie ganz gemein machen mit einer Ideologie, Weltanschauung, was auch immer, im Innersten skeptisch und menschlich bleiben, das waren die Maximen der JF-Familie und auch heute können diese Leitplanken weiter tragen als Hurra-Geschrei und seliges Retten der Welt.

Wir lesen bzw. hören im Alltag der Familie Fest mit und erleben die alltäglichen Sorgen und Streiche genauso wie Diskussionen über die Weltlage, Theologie und Philosophie. Letzten Endes sind es immer die gleichen Fragen, von Anbeginn der Welt, hier aber vor dem Hintergrund eines absolut Bösen, der eine Familie an ihre Grenzen bringt und doch nicht erreichen kann, dass ihre grundlegenden Werte verworfen werden.

Das Buch ist sehr spannend, nahegehend und einfühlsam geschrieben. Die Ausrede, man habe nichts gewusst, zumindest im aufgeklärten Bürgertum mit entsprechender Bildung kann sie nicht gegolten haben. Wir sind dabei, wenn im Namen der neuen Volksgemeinschaft erste Abschaffungen von Traditionen stattfinden und alles eingeebnet werden soll. Der Vater erkennt: Was in Deutschland nach oben gekommen war, mochte im finsteren Russland geschehen oder dem Balkan, aber nicht im gesetzesstrengen Deutschland. Zu allem Übel gab es wirklich gut aussehende Frauen, die dem Führer anhingen, sog. Nazisse, die in allem Ernst versicherten, der Führer sei von Gott gesandt! Die Zeit damals war voll von teilweise in dramatischer Verrücktheit verlaufender Lebenswege, berichtet JF.

In der Familie von JF wird über Bücher diskutiert, man rezensiert und berichtet sich darüber. Die Kinder leihen sich gute Bücher von anderen und spielen auf Atlanten die alten Seeschlachten nach, als Würfelspiel! Einer der JF-Freunde meinte, so verhielte sich auch die Wirklichkeit. Wir sind bei Gesprächen des Vaters dabei bzw. hören als JF mit, wenn dieser z.B. von Freunden darüber unterrichtet wird, wie gut bei den Nazis doch alles liefe, sie seien doch alle keine Unmenschen und auf den Ämtern liefe alles klarer und deutlicher, auch schneller als bisher.

Ich kann mir vorstellen, wie schwer es war, gegen die herrschende Meinung zu sein bzw. gegen die Verlockungen treuer Gefolgschaft auf eigene, bürgerliche Werte zu setzen, auch wenn diese zu unangenehmen Ergebnissen führten. Der innere Kompass der Familie Fest stand fest und die Mutter musste des öfteren einschreiten mit „Aber bitte, Hans“, wenn dieser sich mal wieder zu sehr über die Nazis aufregte bzw. damit den Kindern Angst und Schrecken einjagte.

Was die Jugend von damals mit der heutigen Zeit vergleichen lässt, ist eine durch und durch politisierte Zeit, in der jeder seine Meinungen hatte und über die aktuellen Entwicklungen sprach, aber doch die meisten dem gleichen Zeitgeist hinterher rannten, der von Kindern in Schulen das „Völkische Gebet“ ebenso forderte wie die BDM oder HJ-Mitgliedschaft, alle wurden mehr oder weniger vom Staat erzogen.

Umso wichtiger war in der JF-Familie eben doch jene Regeln, die unverbrüchlich und trocken weiter galten, z.B. bei Tisch nicht über Geld, Affären oder das aufgetragene Essen zu diskutieren. Diese Leitsätze richtigen Benehmens galten unvermindert weiter und wurden insbesondere von der Mutter durchgesetzt. Sie sagte über ihren Sohn: Frech sein darf er. Hier jedenfalls. Wir müssen ihm nur beibringen, wo die Grenzen sind. Draußen wird man ihm diese Grenzen, wenn er sie hier nicht begreift, früh genug zeigen.

JF bezeichnet die 33-45 Zeit als unbürgerlich, sein Vater meinte, es sei kein 1000-jähriges, sondern ein Reich, das über mindestens 5000 Jahre tief in den Urwald reiche! Dass es im Sinne von Nordkorea sozialistisch war, keinesfalls bürgerlich, würden es die Salonsozialisten glauben, die heute wieder einer Gleichmacherei das Wort reden, die damals realisiert war? Wohl kaum, haben sie doch vermeintliche Pressefreiheit, die allerdings nicht mehr ist als jene in Nordkorea. Und das Hurrageschrei deutscher Journalisten übertrifft das aus Pjöngjang oft deutlich.
  Clu98 | Feb 25, 2023 |
Finished "Not I: Memoirs of a German Childhood" by Joachim Fest (after a couple of breaks), the WWII German historian, b. 1926; fought for a short bit at the end of the war and POW in France. The book is a lot about his father, but I did come away with quite the feeling for JF. It's really quite the memoir, quite the time, quite the people and friends and family, quite the story.
( )
  tmph | Sep 13, 2020 |
Allesoverheersend in de jeugd van de auteur was zijn vader, een leraar in Berlijn. Vanaf 30 januari 1933, de dag dat Hitler aan de macht kwam, verzette vader Johannes Fest zich koppig tegen de nieuwe machthebbers. In het voorjaar van 1933, toen Joachim (auteur) zeven jaar oud was, werd zijn vader ontslagen en begon een hardnekkige strijd om de nazitijd te overleven.
De karakters van zijn ouders, zijn ontwikkeling als puber, zijn krijgsgevangenschap in Frankrijk en die van zijn vader in Rusland - Fest beschrijft ze met een zeldzame helderheid en scherpte. "Ik niet" is een indringend verslag van een jeugd op het scherpst van de geschiedenis en een fascinerende beschrijving van de vaak onderbelichte groep die zich in Duitsland tegen de nazi's keerde. Maar dit boek is vooral een monument voor een man die te allen tijde de rug recht hield, de belichaming van de gedachte dat je zelfs onder de meest extreme omstandigheden integer kunt blijven.
  Johan.daniels1965 | Feb 14, 2017 |
Fest was a leading German historian of the Third Reich; his biographies of Hitler and Speer were thoughtful and thought-provoking. These Memoirs were published in 2006, the year Fest died; they cover the years from 1933 to the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989.

The title, Not Me, is taken from a Latin expression that his father used as a guiding principle in his life and which he passed on to his children: “Etiam si omnes—ego non”, which translates as “Even if all others do—not me”. Fest Sr was an unrepentant anti-Nazi who saw the political and social evils of National Socialism from the earliest days; he lost his job as a school inspector because of his views and the family lived in constant fear of even more serious repercussions. This, however, did not deter Fest Sr from believing that he had to educate his sons in what was happening; there were two younger daughters in the family and a pattern was established whereby the girls would eat supper early and go to bed while the three sons, father and mother would have a “second supper” during which they would talk openly about politics, music and literature. Fest Sr emphasized the paramount importance of secrecy so that the boys understood that they could say absolutely nothing outside the house, to anyone: “Only when I was older did I understand what a terrible situation it was in which constant watchfulness was required as a kind of law for parents as for children, mistrust as a rule of survival, isolation as necessity—where the mere clumsiness of a child could lead literally to death and ruin.” And an act of clumsiness from Fest—carving a caricature of Hitler into a school desk—almost did ruin his family.

All of this made for a singular childhood as Fest was only seven years old in 1933 when his father lost his job and maybe ten when the “supper” talks began. It was through these talks, and the unbending example of their father who would not compromise even to “play the game” so as to get his job back, that the three boys in particular (the girls were younger and do not figure prominently in the memoir) were instilled with clear understandings of the nature of the Nazi regime.

Fest is the first to acknowledge that memory is fallible:
“…what the memory has preserved is never, strictly speaking, what happened. The past is always an imaginary museum. One does not, in retrospect, record what one has experienced, but what time—with increasing shifts in perspective, with one’s own will to create a shape out of the chaos of half-buried experiences—has made of it. By and large, one records less how it actually was than how one became who one is. And that is not only the weakness, but the justification of memoirs.”

But, throughout his life as a writer and historian, Fest focused a great deal on considering, analyzing, trying to understand how the horrors of National Socialism were not only accepted, but welcomed and supported by the vast majority of Germans, plus the huge moral question: how much did people really know about the murderous essence of the regime.

An early question was the degree and ease of acceptance of new laws: “At first, the countless violations of the law by our new rulers still caused a degree of disquiet. But among the incomprehensible features of those months…included the fact that soon life went on as if such state crimes were the most natural thing in the world….As I later found out, many of the agitated conversations really were about the state’s illegal actions, and how people were so little put out by them.” In 1936, a point was reached where, “more and more neighbours and acquaintances began to go along with the rulers, not only formally but with increasing conviction….Probably this turn of events…could be explained by the many benefits which the regime offered people.” Many persuaded themselves that they were “going along with it ‘to prevent anything worse’. In truth none of those who talked like that prevented anything worse, but increased the regime’s prestige and provided it with expertise, and so actually promoted the worst.” Effects were soon evident at the personal level: “It was frightening to see how…the stable social structure…fell apart. Suddenly, enmities appeared which were given an ideological justification, but in reality gave free rein to nothing but envy, malice and sheer spite.”

After the war (Joachim joined the army, to avoid the SS, and was captured by the Allies; Fest Sr returned from being a prisoner in the Soviet Union) they continued to look back on the experience: “…he [Fest, Sr] spoke of the main error, which he and his friends had fallen victim to, because they had believed all too unreservedly in reason, in Goethe, Kant, Mozart and the whole tradition which came from that. Until 1932 he had always trusted that was proof enough, that a primitive gangster like Hitler could never achieve power in Germany. But he hadn’t had a clue. One of the most shocking things for him had been to realize that it was completely unpredictable how a neighbour, colleague or even a friend might behave when it came to moral decisions. He still had no answer to that.”

Fest had no sympathy for those who claimed not to know the horrors of the regime: “…anyone who kept his eyes open and summoned up a degree of mistrust towards those in power, soon came across more and more clues about mass murders in Russia, Poland and elsewhere. Certainly, much sounded contradictory and was only passed on as rumour; but the accumulation turned what was reported into near certainty.”

For Fest, “The most obvious explanation for the success of National Socialism was that—like all groups ready to use force and then endowed with funds—it attracted opportunists.” Followed by the almost complete disappearance of the Party after 1945 when, “No one wanted to admit to having supported a lost cause. For years people had ignored the atrocities of the regime and fawned on those in power: senior civil servants, employers, generals and the rest. Each person soothed his conscience in his own way….Then there followed, after 1945, the Great Denial.”

Very few had the strength of conviction of Fest’s father whose life, “was full of privations, which, after a promising beginning, he had chosen in full awareness of the consequences; indeed it had meant the sacrifice of any kind of future.” Looking back on his life in the early 1960s, a day before he died, Fest’s father said to him: “I have made many mistakes in my life, but I have never done anything wrong.” A man of standards that very few did or could emulate.

Fest’s mother also bore a huge burden and Fest felt that she never did come to terms with the Hitler period and the effects on her life. Upon reading a draft of Fest’s biography of Hitler, she observed that, “from a distance, world events seem rather grand, whereas if one looks at the fates of individuals, one discovers a great deal of shabbiness, powerlessness and misery.” (Or, as Albert Camus put it: “Tyrants conduct monologues above a million solitudes.”) For Fest’s mother:
After her childhood and the happy early years of marriage, my mother had increasingly begun to realize the evil exists. It was embodied in drunkards, swindlers, murderers, and Nazis. Even long after the end of the Third Reich she said that one always had to be on one’s guard against evil. Because evil is extremely imaginative. Life had taught her that. It liked to present itself in a humane guise, as a lover or benefactor, a flatterer, and even as a kind of god. Masses of people fell for it.”

Which recalls the great quote from W.H.Auden: “Evil is unspectacular and always human and shares our bed and eats at our own table.” The struggle to recognize it, to deny it, and to fight it is one that only exceptional people can realize.

This is not an exhaustive autobiography. It is more a series of reminiscences structured around the rise and acceptance National Socialism, the related currents and events that affected millions of people however passively or actively and which presented moral challenges big and small in the face of which few people had the determination and strength to hold to a higher standard of moral behaviour and citizenship. Through the references and descriptions of family friends and colleagues, people now otherwise nameless in larger history, it is also a homage to those swept away and under by the tides of shabbiness and misery, envy, malice and spite that characterized the Third Reich.
3 vote John | Mar 14, 2013 |
Nadie se ha esforzado tanto como Joachim Fest por comprender los rasgos y mecanismos del nazismo. Joachim Fest nos ofrece por primera vez una visión íntima de sus vivencias más directas durante esos años oscuros. La temprana prohibición de ejercer la enseñanza que sufrió su padre, su propia expulsión del colegio, su iniciación en el mundo de la ópera berlinesa, sus lecturas durante el servicio militar, o su intento de fuga de un campo de prisioneros americano, son algunos de los episodios protagonizados y narrados en primera persona por un observador nato. Pero sobre todo Fest revela cómo, a pesar de las dificultades, era posible enfrentarse al agobiante acoso ideológico del régimen desde la humildad, la firmeza de principios, la cohesión familiar y la dignidad.Para Joachim Fest, la profunda tragedia alemana fue la incapacidad de las élites culturales de hacer frente al nazismo. “Todos lo hicimos, todos colaboramos con Hitler” dijo Grass. “Yo no”, responde Fest.
  kika66 | Nov 25, 2010 |
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Nome do autorPapelTipo de autorObra?Estado
Fest, Joachim C.autor principaltodas as ediçõesconfirmado
Arnold, HerbertPrefácioautor secundárioalgumas ediçõesconfirmado
Barneby, NickyDesignerautor secundárioalgumas ediçõesconfirmado
Bas Álvarez, BelénTradutorautor secundárioalgumas ediçõesconfirmado
Chalmers, MartinTradutorautor secundárioalgumas ediçõesconfirmado
Hansen, W.Tradutorautor secundárioalgumas ediçõesconfirmado
Svendsen, WernerTradutorautor secundárioalgumas ediçõesconfirmado
Voyat, RaymondTradutorautor secundárioalgumas ediçõesconfirmado
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