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Divided Houses (2009)

por Jonathan Sumption

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2204121,809 (4.35)1 / 3
Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic Title The Hundred Years War was a vicious, costly, and, most dramatically, drawn out struggle that laid the framework for the national identities of both England and France into the modern era. The first twenty years of the war were positive for the English, by any account. They already held the South of France, through Eleanor of Aquitaine's dowry, and were allied with the Flemish in the north. After the brilliant naval battle of Sluys, the English had control of both the English Channel and the North Sea. The battles of Crécy and Poitiers gave the English a powerful toehold on the continent; they even captured the French king, Philip, occasioning a peace treaty in 1360. This long-awaited third volume of Jonathan Sumption's monumental history of the war narrates the period from 1369 to 1393, a span marked by the slow decline of English fortunes and the subsequent rise of the French. The English were condemned to see the conquests of the previous thirty years overrun by the armies of the king of France in less than ten. Edward III was succeeded by a vulnerable child, destined to grow into a neurotic and unstable adult presiding over a divided nation. England's citizenry was being asked to pay for a long and expensive war, soldiers were becoming disenchanted, and the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 evidenced the social unrest in the land. However, France too paid a heavy price for her success. Beneath the surface splendor the French government sat poised at the edge of bankruptcy and the population subsisted in fear and insecurity. The inexperience of Charles VI and his gradual relapse into insanity divided the French political world, as the king's relatives competed for the plunder of the state, sowing the seeds of disintegration and civil war in the following century. Marshaling a wide range of contemporary sources, both printed and manuscript, French and English, Sumption recounts the events of this critical period of the Hundred Years War in unprecedented detail.… (mais)
Adicionado recentemente poruscer, Den85, SamVO, Nrg8000, Sommesoldier, Nikki_J, Jeffsul, alo1224, Hpriley3
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 Medieval Warfare: Sumption's 3rd volume on HYW13 não lido / 13Macbeth, Abril 2023

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The third volume of Sumption's history of the Hundred Years War, this covers the second or "Caroline" phase of the conflict. It's the least spectacular phase of the war, with few major battles, but its early years saw great French reconquests in the southwest, before the war settled into a bloody stalemate, in part because both England and France become riven by internal divisions under the inept kings Richard II and Charles VI.

Sumption's narrative remains crisp and lively. There's also an interesting thematic chapter on the lives and attitudes of men-at-arms and lesser fighting men.
  AndreasJ | Jan 10, 2024 |
Two themes define the third volume of Jonathan Sumption's history of the Hundred Years' War. The first is the shift in fortunes from the English to the French. After the successes enjoyed by English arms in the 1350s that culminated in the capture of the French king John II, the tide began to turn against them as a result of a number of factors. Paramount among them was the leadership of John's son Charles V, who after taking the throne in the aftermath of his father's death began repairing French fortunes through better financial management. Not only did this allow the French to maintain a permanent army, thus addressing some of the problems created by employing mercenary bands, but it put the French in a better position to exploit English weakness. With the resumption of the fighting in 1369. France was able to reverse English gains from the previous decade, gradually clawing back territories that had been claimed by English forces.

In this they were aided by the growing problems of the English government, which formed the second theme of the volume -- the failure of monarchical government. Though having led England to victory earlier in the war, by the 1370s Edward III was suffering from the maladies of old age and was increasingly disengaged from government. Moreover, the growing number of military setbacks fueled discontent with the financial burdens of the war, especially when military failures in France were compared with the triumphs of before. Nor did Edward's death in 1377 alleviate matters, as his succession by his 10-year-old grandson Richard II, whose own crisis-filled regime was preceded by infighting among a troubled political nation. France was in poor position to benefit from this, however, as Charles's own death in 1380 led to his replacement by his son, a dashing dullard who from 1392 began experiencing the bouts of insanity that would increasingly plague him for the next thirty years. With so much authority reliant upon monarchical legitimacy, the result in both kingdoms was a political vacuum inadequately filled by competing advisers who were content to let the war drift into an inconclusive truce that lasted for the remainder of the century.

Sumption recounts all of this in a masterful account that maintains the high standards he set for himself with his earlier volumes. While some of the early chapters drag a little, he succeeds for the most part in capturing the epic scale of the conflict, one that was not confined to the two kingdoms but had an impact on virtually all of western and southwestern Europe. By the time the reader finishes the pages of this book they are left not only with a through understanding of the intricate interconnections that shaped the conflict, but they are left wanting to pick up the next volume to discover what happened. next. After over a thousand pages chronicling thirty decades of incessant conflict, this is no small feat, and serves as a testament to the quality of Sumption's work. ( )
  MacDad | Mar 27, 2020 |
This is the best synthesis of a terribly confusing conflict. Of the three volumes published so far, this book is the most challenging. It is a competent review of the period that succeeded the great English victories of Edward III. But it has a sad tale to tell from the English point of view. Edward III, worn out, retires from the active command. His successors are lesser men, incapable of completing the conquest of France. Into the bargain, no battlefield successes means no flow of ransoms to fuel the military machine, or keep up morale in the face of a successful French guerrilla War.
The French have learned to avoid pitched battles, and substitute surprise attacks on the cities and castles held by the English. In addition, Flanders is worn down by the constant pressure exerted by the Dukes of Burgundy, who is busily expanding his appanage. the matter of Brittany leads to fruitless but expensive English expeditions, and are coupled with John of Gaunt's wasteful attempts to secure the throne of Castile. Nothing works, Edward dies,,, and is then replaced...er...succeeded by Richard II.
Volume three of this the work remains a triumph due to the depth of learning and narrative skills that Jonathan Sumpton brings to the task. ( )
  DinadansFriend | Mar 13, 2015 |
Having eagerly awaited for the release of this book, after about two years I believe since volume II, I dove into it with great hopes. I was not dissapointed. Mr. Sumption had heretofore established himself, in my opinion, as the premier authority on the Hundred Years War. Volumes I and II were some of the finest pieces on the subject that I had run across to date. Volume III, "Divided Houses", is an exceptional study of the post "Treaty of Bretigny" period, France's military resurgence on the continent, the moves and counter-moves of the two main antagonists regarding the Iberian Peninsula, all the way up to Lancaster's overthrow of Richard II.
Granted, the military narrative of France's re-conquest of much of Gascony does become a bit tedious with the seemingly endless sieges, counter-sieges, and skirmishes. But Mr. Sumption expertly crafts these events into a clear and concise picture enabling the reader visualize who and what is where.
Again, I cannot stress how important this series is to the student of the HYW, or even Medieval history for that matter. The amount of research, detail, translation, and just pure effort that has obviously been invested in this book is astounded to say the least. I know find myself anxiously awaiting volume IV. If I could give this book 10 stars, I would. ( )
  Poleaxe | Feb 18, 2010 |
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"Divided Houses, for all its length and detail, is a truly absorbing book, which carries the reader into the turmoil of the 14th century with discreet guidance and commentary."
adicionada por bookfitz | editarThe Guardian, Graham Parry (May 16, 2009)
 
"If you want a history of the 100 years' war, then this is it, and will surely remain it for decades to come."
adicionada por bookfitz | editarThe Sunday Times, Christopher Hart (Mar 29, 2009)
 

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After three decades in which the ambiguous status of the duchy of Aquitaine had poisoned relations between England and France, Philip VI of France decreed the confiscation of the duchy in 1337 and Edward II declared war.
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Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic Title The Hundred Years War was a vicious, costly, and, most dramatically, drawn out struggle that laid the framework for the national identities of both England and France into the modern era. The first twenty years of the war were positive for the English, by any account. They already held the South of France, through Eleanor of Aquitaine's dowry, and were allied with the Flemish in the north. After the brilliant naval battle of Sluys, the English had control of both the English Channel and the North Sea. The battles of Crécy and Poitiers gave the English a powerful toehold on the continent; they even captured the French king, Philip, occasioning a peace treaty in 1360. This long-awaited third volume of Jonathan Sumption's monumental history of the war narrates the period from 1369 to 1393, a span marked by the slow decline of English fortunes and the subsequent rise of the French. The English were condemned to see the conquests of the previous thirty years overrun by the armies of the king of France in less than ten. Edward III was succeeded by a vulnerable child, destined to grow into a neurotic and unstable adult presiding over a divided nation. England's citizenry was being asked to pay for a long and expensive war, soldiers were becoming disenchanted, and the Peasants' Revolt of 1381 evidenced the social unrest in the land. However, France too paid a heavy price for her success. Beneath the surface splendor the French government sat poised at the edge of bankruptcy and the population subsisted in fear and insecurity. The inexperience of Charles VI and his gradual relapse into insanity divided the French political world, as the king's relatives competed for the plunder of the state, sowing the seeds of disintegration and civil war in the following century. Marshaling a wide range of contemporary sources, both printed and manuscript, French and English, Sumption recounts the events of this critical period of the Hundred Years War in unprecedented detail.

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