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Civilization Before Greece and Rome (1989)

por H. W. F. Saggs

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407461,549 (3.78)15
For many centuries it was accepted that civilization began with the Greeks and Romans. During the last two hundred years, however, archaeological discoveries in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Crete, Syria, Anatolia, Iran, and the Indus Valley have revealed that rich cultures existed in these regions some two thousand years before the Greco-Roman era. In this fascinating work, H.W.F Saggs presents a wide-ranging survey of the more notable achievements of these societies, showing how much the ancient peoples of the Near and Middle East have influenced the patterns of our daily lives.   Saggs discusses the invention of writing, tracing it from the earliest pictograms (designed for account-keeping) to the Phoenician alphabet, the source of the Greek and all European alphabets. He investigates teh curricula, teaching methods, and values of the schools from which scribes graduated. Analyzing the provisions of some of the law codes, he illustrates the operation of international law and the international trade that it made possible. Saggs highlights the creative ways that these ancient peoples used their natural resources, describing the vast works in stone created by the Egyptians, the development of technology in bronze and iron, and the introduction of useful plants into regions outside their natural habitat.  In chapters on mathematics, astronomy, and medicine, he offers interesting explanations about how modern calculations of time derive from the ancient world, how the Egyptians practiced scientific surgery, and how the Babylonians used algebra. The book concludes with a discussion of ancient religion, showing its evolution from the most primitive forms toward monotheism.… (mais)
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In this book H.W.F. Saggs shows us the foundations of civilization. Easy to read and understand this is a good overview of life in the three thousand centuries between 3,500 and 500 BC. Evidence from Mesopotamia; Egypt; Syria and Palestine; the Indus Valley and Crete are brought together.

An opening chapter gives us information about the uncovering of these early civilizations and the people who deciphered the writings left behind. Then each chapter is devoted to a different aspect of what makes a society. An abundant use of source material shows us the development of cities, writing, technology, agriculture, laws, maths and religion; the importance of trade and the drift of ideas.

An informative and well written book. ( )
1 vote calm | Mar 26, 2010 |
This book concentrates primarily on Mesopotamia and Egypt but there is some discussion of Crete, Assyria, the Indus Valley, etc. Saggs divides his narrative into sections where he discusses how civilization moved from from hunter societies to city-states, the invention of writing, urban life , development of codes of law, science, the ancient's view of religion, and how the different regions were the same and how they differed. This includes how the geography of an area affected the way its culture grew and changed and sometimes quit changing.

A very readable book that I enjoyed and a good introduction to the subject.
1 vote hailelib | Jul 8, 2009 |
The author was a professor of Semitic languages, University of Wales. He discusses the archeological discoveries throughout the Middle East made in the last few centuries which reveal rich cultures flourishing two thousand years before the Greco-Roman era. Instead of the Wars, he focuses on ancient Religious practices, and even establishes the fact that international law made international trade possible.
1 vote keylawk | Jan 10, 2007 |
Civilization from the near and Middle East, the Phoenician alphabet to mathematics, astronomy, medicine, religion, and international law. ( )
This review has been flagged by multiple users as abuse of the terms of service and is no longer displayed (show).
  Tutter | Dec 19, 2014 |
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For many centuries it was accepted that civilization began with the Greeks and Romans. During the last two hundred years, however, archaeological discoveries in Egypt, Mesopotamia, Crete, Syria, Anatolia, Iran, and the Indus Valley have revealed that rich cultures existed in these regions some two thousand years before the Greco-Roman era. In this fascinating work, H.W.F Saggs presents a wide-ranging survey of the more notable achievements of these societies, showing how much the ancient peoples of the Near and Middle East have influenced the patterns of our daily lives.   Saggs discusses the invention of writing, tracing it from the earliest pictograms (designed for account-keeping) to the Phoenician alphabet, the source of the Greek and all European alphabets. He investigates teh curricula, teaching methods, and values of the schools from which scribes graduated. Analyzing the provisions of some of the law codes, he illustrates the operation of international law and the international trade that it made possible. Saggs highlights the creative ways that these ancient peoples used their natural resources, describing the vast works in stone created by the Egyptians, the development of technology in bronze and iron, and the introduction of useful plants into regions outside their natural habitat.  In chapters on mathematics, astronomy, and medicine, he offers interesting explanations about how modern calculations of time derive from the ancient world, how the Egyptians practiced scientific surgery, and how the Babylonians used algebra. The book concludes with a discussion of ancient religion, showing its evolution from the most primitive forms toward monotheism.

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